Read a research study and identify the design used and analyze study results. Cross sectional study fukushima medical university. The cross sectional study looks at a different aspect than the standard longitudinal study. Apr 27, 2016 crosssectional data, also known as a study populations cross section is a kind of data gathered through the observation of several different subjects in the field of econometrics and statistics. Robson, 2002 define crosssectional design retain for survey strategy. Summary among women at a tertiary hospital for babycheckup in vietnam, prevalence of probable depressive state was 23% probable depression was 7%. Crosssectional design synonyms, crosssectional design pronunciation, crosssectional design translation, english dictionary definition of crosssectional design. The purpose of the study is descriptive, often in the form of a survey. Research design a research design is a set of logical procedures that when followed enables one to obtain evidence to determine the degree to which a theoretical hypothesis or set of hypotheses isare correct. Crosssectional studies collect all data at a set point in time. Repeated crosssectional studies can provide data for the change in. Crosssectional study design is a type of observational study design. Compare and contrast the descriptive cross sectional, repeated cross sectional, comparative, and descriptive correlational designs. Cross sectional study is defined as a observational research type that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point of time across a population or a predefined subset.
List of the advantages of a crosssectional study 1. Cross sectional studies are much cheaper to perform than other options that are available to researchers. Research methods and analysis doctors for afghanistan. This article will help you learn more about cross sectional study with examples, how to conduct it and its advantages and disadvantages. Crossfunctional research design is one of the most popular research designs among other research design and which is also known as social survey design as well. Cross sectional designs are sampled groups taken and examined from the continuum to determine if there is a difference between different sections of the continuum. A crosssectional study collects data of both exposure and outcome at the same short period of time. Crosssectional studies are much cheaper to perform than other options that are available to researchers. A study may be longitudinal over any number of years. Crosssectional research studies are based on observations that take place in different groups at one time. Robson, 2002 define cross sectional design retain for survey strategy. Apr 27, 2016 cross sectional design is one of the most wellknown and commonly used study designs.
Cross sectional study design is a type of observational study design. Poor psychological wellbeing and poor selfefficacy parental conflict, familial conflict and recent moving unconfidencein childrearing, abusive feeling, and unrelaxedmood. Cross sectional studies the weakest type of observational study is the cross sectional study in a cross sectional study, the investigator simply gathers a single sample and cross classi es them depending on whether they have the risk factor or not and whether they have the disease or not cross sectional studies are the easiest to carry out, but are. The participants in this type of study are selected based on particular variables of interest. In a crosssectional study, the investigator measures the outcome and the exposures in the study participants at the same time. Crosssectional designs are sometimes thought to be unfair since, and considered to be useful only in instances that varying personality traits, ages, or amounts of life experience would not alter the validity of results. In the present chapter we will define and compare various study designs and their usefulness for investigating relationships between an outcome and an exposure or study factor. Dental health services research unit, university of dundee, dundee, scotland, uk. An overview 171 time span long enough to encompass a detectable change in their developmental status. A crosssectional study can be combined with a followup study to create a cohort or a casecontrol study. Crosssectional studies the weakest type of observational study is the crosssectional study in a crosssectional study, the investigator simply gathers a single sample and crossclassi es them depending on whether they have the risk factor or not and whether they have the disease or not crosssectional studies are the easiest to carry out, but are. The longitudinal study uses time as the main variable, and tries to make an in depth study of how a small sample changes and fluctuates over time. Types of crosssectional study descriptive a crosssectional study may be purely descriptive and used to assess the frequency and distribution of a particular disease in a defined population.
What she did was a crosssectional study, and the document she mailed out was a simple questionnaire. That is because there is no followup required with this type of research. Crosssectional designs are sampled groups taken and examined from the continuum to determine if there is a difference between different sections of the continuum. Crosssectional studies provide a clear snapshot of the outcome and the characteristics associated with it, at a specific point in time. Unlike an experimental design, where there is an active intervention by the researcher to produce and measure change or to create differences, crosssectional designs focus on studying and drawing. Although crosssectional research does not involve conducting experiments, it is often used to understand outcomes in. Crosssectional study objective to estimate the magnitude and patterns of violence against pregnant women study populationbased, household, crosssectional study in mbeya and dar es salaam, tanzania, 20012002 result violence experienced by 7% in dar es salaam and 12% in mbeya. The hallmark of good research is the rigor with which it is conducted. If the data are readily available then a retrospective design is the. Repeated crosssectional studies can provide data for the change in a selected measure in population.
The subjects include firms, regions, individuals as well as countries. Usually there is no hypothesis as such, but the aim is. Cross sectional research studies are based on observations that take place in different groups at one time. Encyclopedia of research design sage publications inc. Crosssectional design definition of crosssectional design. This study type is also known as crosssectional analysis, transverse study, or prevalence study. In cross sectional designs, researchers record information but do not manipulate variables. Crosssectional design encyclopedia of research design search form. It is used for examining phenomena expected to remain static through the period of interest. Cross functional research design is one of the most popular research designs among other research design and which is also known as social survey design as well. A common example of cross sectional design is a census study in which a population is surveyed at one point in time in order to describe characteristics of that population including age, sex, and geographic location, among other characteristics. Often described as a snapshot of a population in a certain point in time. Hence, the two traditional research designs, longitudinal methods, which examine one group of people such as people born in a given year, following and reexamining them at several points in time such as in 2000, 2005, and 2010, and cross sectional designs, which examine more than one group of people of different ages at one point in time.
Crosssectional design aims to do the same thing, but rather than take a single group of the same ages and repeatedly test them as they grow older, this design takes a group of individual of different ages of developmental stages, and compare how the specific behavior is different from one age group to another. Aug 24, 2018 here are the advantages and disadvantages of cross sectional studies to consider. Maryam hemed gfmer tanzania training course in sexual and. Introduction to study designs crosssectional studies. A checklist of the key points in any study irrespective of the basic design is given in box 1. Learn more in this blog about these two types of study and the differences between them. We have explained and applied regression tools in the context of timeordered data. The reason why it is known as the crosssectional study design is due to the information regarding x. This design enabled the researcher to observe two or more variables at.
Cross sectional studies collect all data at a set point in time. Module 3 handout 112 major types of research designs. Here are the advantages and disadvantages of crosssectional studies to consider. A cross sectional study involves looking at data from a population at one specific point in time. In medical research, social science and biology, a crosssectional study also known as a crosssectional analysis, transverse study, prevalence study is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in timethat is, crosssectional data. In practice, cross sectional studies will include an element of both types of design. Often these studies are the only practicable method of studying various problems, for example, studies of aetiology, instances where a randomised controlled trial might be unethical, or if the condition to be studied is rare. Cohort studies are used to study incidence, causes, and prognosis. Crosssectional study definition of crosssectional study. Crosssectional study vs longitudinal study questionpro. Prospective, retrospective, and crosssectional studies.
Hence, the research design used for this research work is exploratory research for identification of variables followed by descriptive research design single cross sectional design for sampling and data collection. This means there is no experimental procedure, so no variables are manipulated by the. In crosssectional designs, researchers record information but do not manipulate variables. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of various descriptive designs. These subjects are observed in the same time period and irrespective of any. For example, we might have monthly sales by each of 37 sales territories for the last 60 months.
Cross sectional designs are sometimes thought to be unfair since, and considered to be useful only in instances that varying personality traits, ages, or amounts of life experience would not alter the validity of results. Cross sectional studies are often used in developmental psychology, but this method is also utilized in many other areas including social science and. Cross section definition of cross section by merriamwebster. A crosssectional study is a type of observational research that analyzes data of variables collected at one given point in time across a sample population or a predefined subset. A crosssectional study reports the status or stage of a disease, looks for reasons or explanations, and examines study participants. List of the advantages of a cross sectional study 1. What she did was a cross sectional study, and the document she mailed out was a simple questionnaire. A cross sectional study, on the other hand, takes a snapshot of a population at a certain time, allowing. Cross sectional studies are intuitively clear and allow for the examination of a large number of. Crosssectional study an overview sciencedirect topics. Often these studies are the only practicable method of. Usually there is no hypothesis as such, but the aim is to describe a population. Crosssectional and longitudinal studies are both observational studies. Research design a crosssectional correlation research design was used for this study where the caregivers compassion fatigue levels were assessed in relation to their sense of coherence scores.
For example a random sample of schools across london may be used to assess the burden or prevalence of asthma among 1214 year olds. Cross section definition is a cutting or piece of something cut off at right angles to an axis. Cross sectional study an overview sciencedirect topics. A cross sectional study should be representative of the population if generalizations from the findings are to have any validity. Sir cyril burt, well known for his innovative techniques of factor analysis in the 1920s, used the term conspective for crosssectional as opposed to prospective for longitudinal data. A common example of crosssectional design is a census study in which a population is surveyed at one point in time in order to describe characteristics of that population including age, sex, and geographic location, among other characteristics. In reading public health research, you may encounter many terms that appear to be used interchangeably. The same tools are directly applicable to crosssectional data. Other articles where crosssectional design is discussed. In a crosssectional study all of the children at age eight, for example, are different from those at age seven.
Crosssectional studies crosssectional studies measure simultaneously the exposure and health outcome in a given population and in a given geographical area at a certain time. Crosssectional design definition of crosssectional. This allows the researcher to assess the prevalence of a disease or of other variables of interest. Crosssectional studies are intuitively clear and allow for the examination of a large number of. In this kind of study, the subset of the population or the whole population is chosen and from the selected participants, data is gathered for the purpose of helping answer research questions of interest. Cross sectional design is one of the most wellknown and commonly used study designs. Types of cross sectional study descriptive a cross sectional study may be purely descriptive and used to assess the frequency and distribution of a particular disease in a defined population. These subjects are observed in the same time period and irrespective of any distinctions in the time.
Crosssectional data, also known as a study populations cross section is a kind of data gathered through the observation of several different subjects in the field of econometrics and statistics. Mar 24, 2006 a cross sectional study design is used when. While an appropriate choice of study design is vital, it is not suf. Despite the similarity, there are distinct differences between the two studies.
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